Morpholine is an organic compound with the formula C4H8O2, which is a colorless liquid or solid with a distinctive ammonia taste and is readily soluble in water and organic solvents. The preparation methods of morpholine are varied, and its application fields are also very wide.
Preparation method
1. Diethylene glycol catalyzed ammonia decyclization method: This is a widely used preparation method, through the reaction of diethylene glycol with ammonia under the action of catalyst to produce morpholine.
2. Diethanolamine strong acid dehydration cyclic method: Through the dehydration reaction of diethanolamine and sulfuric acid under heating conditions, morpholine is generated.
3. Condensation reaction of 1, 4-butanediol and ammonia: 1, 4-butanediol and ammonia are heated in the presence of a catalyst to obtain morpholine.
4. Hydrogenation reduction of acetonitrile: morpholine can also be prepared by hydrogenation reduction of acetonitrile.
Application field
1. Pharmaceutical field: Morpholine and its derivatives are used as drug intermediates in the pharmaceutical field to synthesize a variety of drugs, such as painkillers, local anesthetics, sedatives, respiratory system and vascular stimulants.
2. Pesticide and chemical fiber industry: Morpholine, as a solvent and pH regulator, is used in the synthesis of new pesticides and the production process of chemical fiber industry.
3. Synthetic herbicides: Morpholine is used in synthetic herbicides as an active ingredient in pesticides.
4. Metal corrosion inhibitors: Morpholine and its derivatives can be used as metal corrosion inhibitors, widely used in mechanical instruments, automobiles, medical devices and other fields.
5. Organic synthesis solvent: morpholine is a polar solvent, which is often used to dissolve a variety of compounds in organic synthesis and analytical chemistry, especially in the separation and refining process of aromatics, as an excellent extraction solvent.
6. Catalyst for polyurethane foam production: N-methylmorpholine (MML) is an important catalyst in the production of polyurethane foam, and is also used in the synthesis of fine chemical products such as medicine, pesticides, surfactants, emulsifiers, etc.
7. Synthetic N-methylmorpholine oxide: N-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO) is an ideal solvent for the manufacture of Lyocell fiber, which is used for spinning and the production of artificial cotton, etc., with non-toxic and non-corrosive characteristics, and can be recycled and reused.
In summary, the preparation methods of morpholine mainly include diethylene glycol catalyzed ammonia hydrolysis cyclization method, diethanolamine strong acid dehydration cyclization method, etc., and its application fields involve medicine, pesticide, chemical fiber, metal corrosion inhibition, organic synthesis solvent and many other aspects. With the progress of science and technology and the change of market demand, the new applications of morpholine are still being developed and explored.